Federalism (Political Science) · Class 10 Social Science · Chapter 2
🌍 Federalism (Political Science)
CBSE Class 10 · Social Science · Chapter 2
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Download PDF →Top PYQ patterns · CBSE aggregate
| 80% | Explain the key features of federalism / what makes India federal — Two+ levels → same citizens, separate jurisdictions → fixed by constitution → fundamental provisions need both levels' consent → courts as umpire → separate revenue/financial autonomy. | 5 MARKS |
| 70% | Decentralisation: the 73rd & 74th Amendments (1992) — Constitutional third tier → compulsory 5-yr elections (State Election Commission) → reservation SC/ST/OBC + one-third women → State Finance Commission → Gram Sabha. | 5 MARKS |
| 55% | Coming-together vs holding-together federations — Coming = independent states unite, equal + strong (USA/Switzerland/Australia). Holding = big country divides power, centre stronger, states may be unequal (India/Spain/Belgium). | 3 MARKS |
| 50% | The three Lists + residuary powers — Union (defence, currency — centre only); State (police, agriculture — state only); Concurrent (education, forests — both, Union prevails); residuary → Union. | 3 MARKS |
| 40% | India's language policy / linguistic states — No national language; Hindi = official language; 22 Scheduled Languages; states have own official language; Hindi not imposed; linguistic states (1956) strengthened unity. | 3 MARKS |
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